Three-dimensional Character Research Articles

Real-Time Motion Adaptation with Spatial Perception for an Augmented Reality Character

Virtual characters are now widely used in games, computer-generated (CG) movies, virtual reality (VR), and communication media. The continued technological innovations in motion capture mean that a more natural representation of a three-dimensional character’s motion should be achievable. Many researchers have investigated how virtual characters interact with their surrounding environment through spatial relationships, which were introduced for adapting and preserving character motion. However, technical problems should be resolved to enable the control of characters in augmented reality (AR) environments that combine with the real world, and this can be achieved by adapting motion to environmental differences using original motion datasets. In this paper, we investigate a novel method for preserving automatic motion adaptation for a virtual character in AR environments. We used specific object (e.g., puddle) recognition and the spatial properties of the user’s surrounding space, e.g., object types and positions, and ran validation experiments to provide accurate motion to improve the AR experience. Our experimental study showed positive results in terms of smooth motion in AR configurations. We also found that the participants using AR felt a greater sense of co-presence with the character through adapted motion.

Three-Dimensional Quantification and Visualization of Leaf Chlorophyll Content in Poplar Saplings under Drought Using SFM-MVS

As global temperatures warm, drought reduces plant yields and is one of the most serious abiotic stresses causing plant losses. The early identification of plant drought is of great significance for making improvement decisions in advance. Chlorophyll is closely related to plant photosynthesis and nutritional status. By tracking the changes in chlorophyll between plant strains, we can identify the impact of drought on a plant’s physiological status, efficiently adjust the plant’s ecosystem adaptability, and achieve optimization of planting management strategies and resource utilization efficiency. Plant three-dimensional reconstruction and three-dimensional character description are current research hot spots in the development of phenomics, which can three-dimensionally reveal the impact of drought on plant structure and physiological phenotypes. This article obtains visible light multi-view images of four poplar varieties before and after drought. Machine learning algorithms were used to establish the regression models between color vegetation indices and chlorophyll content. The model, based on the partial least squares regression (PLSR), reached the best performance, with an R2 of 0.711. The SFM-MVS algorithm was used to reconstruct the plant’s three-dimensional point cloud and perform color correction, point cloud noise reduction, and morphological calibration. The trained PLSR chlorophyll prediction model was combined with the point cloud color information, and the point cloud color was re-rendered to achieve three-dimensional digitization of plant chlorophyll content. Experimental research found that under natural growth conditions, the chlorophyll content of poplar trees showed a gradient distribution state with gradually increasing values from top to bottom; after being given a short period of mild drought stress, the chlorophyll content accumulated. Compared with the value before stress, it has improved, but no longer presents a gradient distribution state. At the same time, after severe drought stress, the chlorophyll value decreased as a whole, and the lower leaves began to turn yellow, wilt and fall off; when the stress intensity was consistent with the duration, the effect of drought on the chlorophyll value was 895 < SY-1 < 110 < 3804. This research provides an effective tool for in-depth understanding of the mechanisms and physiological responses of plants to environmental stress. It is of great significance for improving agricultural and forestry production and protecting the ecological environment. It also provides decision-making for solving plant drought problems caused by global climate change.

Tuning strategy for Curie-temperature enhancement in the van der Waals magnet Mn1+xSb2−xTe4

The van-der-Waals antiferromagnetic topological insulator MnBi2Te4 is one of the few materials that realize the sought-after quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) state and quantized surface charge transport. To assess the relevance of its isostructural analog MnSb2Te4 as a potential QAH candidate, the roles of Mn/Sb site mixing and cationic vacancies need to be clarified. Recent findings have shown that non-stoichiometry in Mn1±xSb2∓xTe4 is an efficient tuning knob to achieve a net spin-polarized state and to raise the magnetic ordering temperature well above that of MnBi2Te4. Here, we report the crystal structure, the bulk and the surface magnetism of two new Mn1+xSb2−xTe4 samples: Mn1.08Sb1.92Te4(x ≈ 0.1) with TC = 44 K, and Mn2.01Sb1.19Te4(x ≈ 1.0) with the record TC = 58 K. We quantify the site mixing comprehensively by combining various structural probes on powders and single crystals, and then employ bulk, local (electron spin resonance), and spectroscopic (x-ray magnetic circular dichroism) probes to connect these insights to the magnetism of these materials. We demonstrate that Mn over-stoichiometry up to x = 1.0, in combination with a particular Mn/Sb intermixing pattern and the increasingly three-dimensional character of the magnetic order, push the TC upwards. The tendency towards more robust ferromagnetism mediated by stronger interlayer exchange in Mn1+xSb2−xTe4 upon increasing x is confirmed by bulk magnetometry and by a series of density-functional-theory calculations of model structures with varying intermixing.

나노 자성체 내 스핀 구조체의 3차원 특성

나노 자성체 내 스핀 구조체의 3차원 특성

Local Second-Order Møller-Plesset Theory with a Single Threshold Using Orthogonal Virtual Orbitals: Theory, Implementation, and Assessment.

It has long been clear that electron correlation methods exhibit unphysical compute scalings with molecular size, which has motivated the development of local correlation methods to discard effectively zero contributions in a controlled way to yield an approximate correlation energy. The ideal local correlation method should have a single numerical threshold that controls the dropping of terms with the ability to have that threshold set small enough so that the correlation energy is reproduced to enough significant figures such that the result is chemically identical. This work reports such a method for the second-order Møller-Plesset (MP2) theory. The theory, implementation, and testing of this local MP2 theory are reported. Thresholds ranging from 10-5 to 10-8 and basis sets ranging from split valence plus polarization through to quadruple-ζ are assessed for local MP2 calculations on a range of molecules, including linear chains and molecules with two- and three-dimensional character. The implementation is shared memory parallel via OpenMP and yields roughly 50% parallel efficiency with 16 cores for a large job. Considerable efforts were made to minimize memory demands, which increased as thresholds were tightened. A variety of relative energy calculations are presented as a function of threshold to provide some guidance to users on how to obtain adequate precision at a low compute cost. It is particularly clear that derivative properties require tighter thresholds in order to achieve an adequate precision.

Structures and energies of computed silicon (001) small angle mixed grain boundaries as a function of three macroscopic characters

Small angle grain boundaries comprised of dislocation structures have unique impacts on the performances of crystalline materials. In this atomistic study, we report structure-property correlations of Si (001) small angle mixed grain boundaries (SAMGBs) across three macroscopic GB characters (tilt character, twist character, and an implicit rotation character between them). Firstly, for the computed SAMGB energies spanning the three-dimensional GB character space, a revised Read-Shockley relationship is proposed and fitted, which hints that the energy trends follow the Read-Shockley formalism from the insight of GB decomposition. GB structural transitions from dislocation to amorphous structures are also given as a function of dislocation core radii, allowing the estimation of small angle GB proportion. Then, the proportion, topology and structural signatures of different SAMGB types defined from the ratio between the tilt and twist angles are presented. By extracting the transformation of metastable SAMGB phases, the formation process of these (001) SAMGB structures is characterized as the energetically favorable dislocation glide and reaction, from which the dislocation density function is derived. The relevant results about SAMGB energies and structures are validated and supported by theoretical calculations and experimental observations, respectively.

Kostum Tjokroaminoto dalam Mendukung Setting Ruang dan Waktu pada Film Guru Bangsa: Tjokroaminoto

Costume design is an important part of artistic direction and plays a crucial role in supporting a film's setting and time period. This study focuses on the costumes worn by the main character, Tjokroaminoto. The film's setting ranges from Tjokroaminoto's teenage years to his adulthood, and the costumes used create an authentic atmosphere during that time period. The research method used is qualitative research, using primary and secondary data sources obtained from interviews, observations, and literature studies. After the data is collected, data analysis is carried out through the process of reduction, presentation, conclusion drawing, and verification. The results show that the film's historical setting, "Guru Bangsa: Tjokroaminoto," is effectively conveyed through the costumes worn by the characters, which help to express space, time, social status, and three-dimensional character. Tjokroaminoto's costume consists of several parts such as basic clothing, headwear, bodywear, footwear, and accessories. The costume worn by Tjokroaminoto portrays a priyayi who comes from the Javanese region with a division of the time period when the story takes place. 

Zig-zag structures in silver dichromate precipitate

Precipitation patterns are commonly concentric rings forming in a Petri dish or parallel bands appearing in a test tube (Liesegang phenomenon). The rings frequently consist of a number of convex segments that are separated from each other by spaces devoid of precipitate resulting in small gaps (dislocations). Along these gaps, the so-called zig-zag structures can form, which connect one side of a gap with its opposite side. We observe that the occurrence of zig-zags requires a minimum thickness of the reactive layer (≥ 0.8 mm). This fact together with microscopic evidence indicates their three-dimensional character. One finds that at the very beginning of the precipitation reaction a curling process starts in the corresponding contour lines. These observations suggest structures of a helicoid with the axis perpendicular to the plane of the reaction–diffusion front to pass through the layer. Zig-zags are not parallel to the reaction plane, i.e., they are not formed periodically, but evolve continuously as a rotating spiral wave. Thus, their topology is closely related to helices in a test tube.

Coexistence of zigzag antiferromagnetic order and superconductivity in compressed NiPSe3

NiPSe3 is regarded as a bandwidth-controlled Mott insulator, distinct from the widely studied Mott insulating magnetic graphene MPSe3 (M = Mn and Fe) family. By employing high-pressure synchrotron X-ray diffraction, we observe two structural transitions as a function of pressure. With the help of first-principles calculations, we discover the antiferromagnetic (AFM) moment directions of NiPSe3 switch from out-of-plane to in-plane and the honeycomb layers slide relative to each other at the first structural transition. The in-plane AFM order persists until the second structural transition, whereupon the two-dimensional (2D) structure assumes a more three-dimensional (3D) character. A bandwidth-controlled Mott insulator-metal transition (IMT) occurs between the two structural transitions at Pc ~ 8.0 GPa, concomitant with the emergence of superconductivity with Tc ~ 4.8 K. The superconductivity in NiPSe3 emerging in the 2D monoclinic phase coexists with the in-plane AFM order and continues into the 3D trigonal phase. Our electronic structure calculations reveal that the IMT and superconductivity in NiPSe3 are both related to the enhanced Se2− 4p and Ni2+3d electronic hybridizations under pressure. From these results, we construct a temperature-pressure electronic phase diagram of NiPSe3, revealing interesting relationships between magnetism and superconductivity.

An Automated, Open-Source Workflow for the Generation of (3D) Fragment Libraries.

The recent success of fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD) is inextricably linked to adequate library design. To guide the design of our fragment libraries, we have constructed an automated workflow in the open-source KNIME software. The workflow considers chemical diversity and novelty of the fragments, and can also take into account the three-dimensional (3D) character. This design tool can be used to create large and diverse libraries but also to select a small number of representative compounds as a focused set of unique screening compounds to enrich existing fragment libraries. To illustrate the procedures, the design and synthesis of a 10-membered focused library is reported based on the cyclopropane scaffold, which is underrepresented in our existing fragment screening library. Analysis of the focused compound set indicates significant shape diversity and a favorable overall physicochemical profile. By virtue of its modular setup, the workflow can be readily adjusted to design libraries that focus on properties other than 3D shape.

Mining the Protein Data Bank to inspire fragment library design.

The fragment approach has emerged as a method of choice for drug design, as it allows difficult therapeutic targets to be addressed. Success lies in the choice of the screened chemical library and the biophysical screening method, and also in the quality of the selected fragment and structural information used to develop a drug-like ligand. It has recently been proposed that promiscuous compounds, i.e., those that bind to several proteins, present an advantage for the fragment approach because they are likely to give frequent hits in screening. In this study, we searched the Protein Data Bank for fragments with multiple binding modes and targeting different sites. We identified 203 fragments represented by 90 scaffolds, some of which are not or hardly present in commercial fragment libraries. By contrast to other available fragment libraries, the studied set is enriched in fragments with a marked three-dimensional character (download at 10.5281/zenodo.7554649).

Electromechanically Coupled III-N Quantum Dots.

We exploit the three-dimensional (3D) character of the strain field created around InGaN islands formed within the multilayer structures spaced by a less than 1-nm-thick GaN layer for the creation of spatially correlated electronically coupled quantum dots (QDs). The laterally inhomogeneous vertical out-diffusion of In atoms during growth interruption is the basic mechanism for the formation of InGaN islands within as-deposited 2D layers. An anisotropic 3D strain field created in the first layer is sufficient to justify the vertical correlation of the islands formed in the upper layers spaced by a sufficiently thin GaN layer. When the thickness of a GaN spacer exceeds 1 nm, QDs from different layers under the same growth conditions emit independently and in the same wavelength range. When extremely thin (less than 1 nm), a GaN spacer is formed solely by applying short GI, and a double wavelength emission in the blue and green spectral ranges evidences the electromechanical coupling. With k→·p→ calculations including electromechanical fields, we model the optoelectronic properties of a structure with three InGaN lens-shaped QDs embedded in a GaN matrix, with three different configurations of In content. The profiles of the band structures are strongly dependent on the In content arrangement, and the quantum-confined Stark effect is significantly reduced in a structure with an increasing gradient of In content from the top to the bottom QD. This configuration exhibits carrier tunneling through the QDs, an increase of wave functions overlap, and evidence emerges of three distinct peaks in the spectral range.

CARica: Enhancing Travelling Experiences in Wonosobo Through Location-Based Mobile Augmented Reality

Wonosobo, as a Regency in Central Java Province, Indonesia, has attractions including the Dieng Plateau Theater Kalianget, and Menjer Lake. The research is intended to provide more experience for tourists who visit the tour through Location-Based Mobile Augmented Reality (MAR), an application we developed, cARica. This application includes experience travelling in Wonosobo and is aware of other information displayed through AR content. It was an alternative medium for tourism promotion to be easy, attractive, and inexpensive. It is a practical guide to attract tourists to visit tourist sites. In its development, we use the prototyping method so that each stage is carried out under the procedures that have been prepared. To get the point of Interest (PoI) points of tourist sites, use Global Positioning System (GPS) data taken through Google Maps to get the Latitude and Longitude of each object. The results of this study present that cARica is a Location-Based Mobile Augmented Reality service platform that can be accessed using an Android smartphone and has three-dimensional animated character content with the Wonosobo regency icon. cARica is a form of innovation in providing exceptional services and experiences for tourists and has the potential to be continuously developed.

A Correlative Study of Interfacial Segregation in a Cu-Doped TiNiSn Thermoelectric half-Heusler Alloy.

The performance of thermoelectric materials depends on both their atomic-scale chemistry and the nature of microstructural details such as grain boundaries and inclusions. Here, the elemental distribution throughout a TiNiCu0.1Sn thermoelectric material has been examined in a correlative study deploying atom-probe tomography (APT) and electron microscopies and spectroscopies. Elemental mapping and electron diffraction reveal two distinct types of grain boundary that are either topologically rough and meandering in profile or more regular and geometric. Transmission electron microscopy studies indicate that the Cu dopant segregates at both grain boundary types, attributed to extrusion from the bulk during hot-pressing. The geometric boundaries are found to have a degree of crystallographic coherence between neighboring grains; the rough boundaries are decorated with oxide impurity precipitates. APT was used to study the three-dimensional character of rough grain boundaries and reveals that Cu is present as discrete, elongated nanoprecipitates cosegregating alongside larger substoichiometric titanium oxide precipitates. Away from the grain boundary, the alloy microstructure is relatively homogeneous, and the atom-probe results suggest a statistical and uniform distribution of Cu with no evidence for segregation within grains. The extrusion suggests a solubility limit for Cu in the bulk material, with the potential to influence carrier and phonon transport properties across grain boundaries. These results underline the importance of fully understanding localized variations in chemistry that influence the functionality of materials, particularly at grain boundaries.

Analysis of the Style Characteristics of National Dance Based on 3D Reconstruction.

National dance is an important symbol of national spiritual culture, as it embodies each nation's unique history, living habits, ideology, and culture. Many Chinese ethnic groups have developed their own dance forms and styles, each with their own set of charms. Strengthening our understanding of its style and characteristics is critical to our understanding of the national dance. To begin with, this paper proposes a patch-based multiview stereo reconstruction scheme that can accurately reconstruct 3D character models. The movement capture system then collects national dance movement data and uses them to drive a three-dimensional character model that generates dance visual animation. In the human skeleton model, a spatial-temporal HMM (hidden Markov model) is proposed that not only studies the temporal information of human movements but also the spatial information of adjacent connection points. The recognition rate of this algorithm increases to 95.68 percent when the number of setting points is increased to ten and to 98.28 percent when the number of setting points is increased to twenty, according to the research. The experimental results show that the 3D reconstruction model of ethnic dance developed in this paper is capable of meeting the goal of ethnic dance digitalization while being simple to use, being low in cost, and with a good display effect.

The Predictive Roles of Character Strengths and Personality Traits on Flourishing

This research aims to explore the association between personality traits, character strength, and flourishing in university students (N=384). In the study, Three-dimensional Character Strengths Scale was adapted to Turkish. As a result of confirmatory factor analysis, the Three-dimensional Character Strengths Scale was acceptable for the goodness of fit indexes. The results of the study showed that personality traits and character strength were positively related to flourishing. Multiple regression analysis revealed that personality traits, with the exception of the openness, significantly predicted flourishing. According to the standardized beta coefficients, extraversion was found to be the strongest predictor of flourishing. According to the results of multi-regression analysis, it was found that the caring, inquisitiveness and self-control sub-dimensions of the character strengths positively predicted the flourishing. According to the standardized beta coefficients, inquisitiveness was found to be the strongest predictor of flourishing. According to the t test results, it was found that the variables included in the study differed significantly according to gender. The findings were discussed with the literature.

A Three-Dimensional Animation Character Dance Movement Model Based on the Edge Distance Random Matrix

In this paper, we use the edge distance random matrix method to analyze and study the dance movements of 3D animation characters and design a 3D animation character dance movement model. Firstly, each dance movement video in the dataset is divided into equal parts, while the segmented videos are subjected to the operation of accumulating edge features separately, and the edge features in all video images within each segment are accumulated into one image, and the directional gradient histogram features are extracted from them. Finally, a set of directional gradient histogram features are used to represent the local appearance and shape of the video dance movement. The reconstructed human movements are obtained mainly by fitting the 3D human coordinates in the image space using the human model and the estimated depth coordinates, which are currently more mature and are chosen from existing techniques. In other combinations, the performance of the method in this paper is better than the recognition results of the benchmark method, especially when the similarities of dance movements in the towel flower combination and the piece flower combination are too high. In response to the problem of the reconstructed action appearing to have ground penetration, slipping, and floating feet, a method is proposed to optimize the fitting human model foot problem according to the foot touching the ground. The experimental results show that the method can replace the traditional motion capture method to a certain extent, simplify the use of motion capture, and reduce the cost of motion capture. In the model deformation stage, to reduce the deformation quality problem during the model motion and improve the efficiency of weight calculation, a model deformation method combining double quaternions and bounded double tuning and weights are given. The static 3D model is tetrahedralization, and then the skeletal control points of the model are set and the weight of each skeletal segment to the model is calculated; next, the 3D model is mixed and bound with the skeletal data using the dual quaternion skinning algorithm; finally, the static 3D model motion is driven by the skeletal data. Experiments demonstrate that the method results in better deformation of the 3D model during rotation.

Другата руска тройка. Случаят Достоевски

This text attempts to trace a hidden archetype in nineteenth-century Russian literature and how it works in Dostoevsky. As much as there is a lot of space in the metaliterature of the Russian troika, understood as a horses driving and its symbolic metamorphosis of a bird-trio in Gogol, the emphasis here is on the topic, which I can call the “other Russian troika (trio)”. It is about the presence of an almost sacred three-dimensional character, who at one point is attacked and overturned against his presumption of holiness by a fourth demonological hero and a serious battle for his re-sacralization is imminent. Set by the three Baroque witches in Shakespeare's “Macbeth”, led by Hekate, this model was first tested in nineteenth-century Russian literature by Pushkin in “A Tale of Tsar Saltan”, and then in two stages, feminized and masculinized, developed by Dostoevsky in “The Idiot” and “The Karamazov Brothers”, respectively, and finally finds its triumphant ending in Chekhov's “Three Sisters”, whose character system parodies that of “The Idiot”. Why is Dostoevsky such an important link in the listed paradigm?

Relationship between macroscopic properties of honey and molecular dynamics – temperature effects

1H spin-lattice relaxation studies of different kinds of honey have been performed in a broad frequency range, versus temperature. On the basis of the extensive data set, translation diffusion coefficients and rotational correlation times of water molecules confined in the sugar matrix have been determined. It has turned out that the translation dynamics is of three-dimensional (isotropic) character and its by three orders of magnitude slower compared to water in bulk. This scenario established on the molecular level has been compared with the picture of translation diffusion obtained from viscosity measurements. Systematic discrepancies have been observed for all kinds of honey and their origin has been explained. Activation energies of the translational and rotational motion and ratios between the translational and rotational correlational times have been determined and discussed in the context of the properties of supercooled liquids.

PERBANDINGAN EFEK KERUTAN TIGA DIMENSI PADA RIAS WAJAH KARAKTER TUA MENGGUNAKAN TISU WAJAH DAN LATEX DENGAN TISU WAJAH DAN LEM BULU MATA

This research is backgrounded because students are not taught about the makeup of three-dimensional old characters, where the result of wrinkles from the makeup of threedimensional old characters is more visible and natural. The study aims to analyze 1) how the effect of three-dimensional wrinkles on the facial makeup of old characters using facial and latex wipes, 2) how the three-dimensional wrinkle effect results on the makeup of the old character using facial wipes and eyelash glue, 3) how the three-dimensional wrinkle effect compares to the facial makeup of the old character using facial and latex wipes using facial wipes and eyelash glue. This research uses pseudo-experimental research methods (quasi experiments). This research variable is a free variable (X), a bound variable (Y). The data type uses primary data. The data collection techniques in this study are observations, documentation, instruments. The steps to analyze the data are test analysis requirements, hypothetical tests. Based on the results of study 1) the effect of three-dimensional wrinkles on the makeup of old characters using facial and latex wipes from the neat aspect shows an average of 1.90 untidy categories, resilience showed an average of 2.19 categories were less precise and from the resilience aspect showed an average of 2.62 categories less resistant, 2) the result of three-dimensional wrinkle effects on the makeup of old characters using facial wipes and eyelash glue from the neat aspect showed an average of 3.29 neat categories , resilience shows an average of 3.19 categories of resistance and from the durability aspect shows an average of 3.10 resistant categories, 3) there is a comparison of neatness, accuracy and durability of the threedimensional wrinkle effect on the makeup of older characters using facial and latex wipes with facial wipes and eyelash glue. It is then recommended for students to add knowledge in doing three-dimensional old character makeup by using facial and latex wipes with facial wipes and eyelash glue